วันจันทร์ที่ 25 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2556

149. ด้านลบของอุตสาหกรรมเกษตร...คุกคามความสมดุลของนิเวศ


Industrial Ag Triggers Devastating 'Web' of Pollution
New report analyzes impact of excessive nitrogen and phosphorous in our ecosystems
- Lauren McCauley, staff writer
อุตสาหกรรมเกษตรจุดชนวน ‘โยงใย’ หายนะแห่งมลภาวะ
รายงานฉบับใหม่วิเคราะห์ผลกระทบของไนโตรเจนและฟอสฟอรัสที่ล้นเกินในระบบนิเวศ
-          ลอเรน แมคคอเลย์

A new report published Monday by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) implicates the global industrial farming system in the disastrous impacts that fertilizer abuse and waste are having on our natural world.
รายงานชิ้นใหม่เผยแพร่เมื่อวันจันทร์โดย UNEP พาดพิงถึงระบบเกษตรอุตสาหกรรมโลกในผลกระทบวิบัติอันเกิดจากการใช้ปุ๋ยเกินและสิ้นเปลืองที่กำลังส่งผลต่อโลกธรรมชาติของเรา.
Entitled "Our Nutrient World," (.pdf) the report examines how industrial farming has forced a superabundance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients into our ecosystems, massively altering the natural balance and causing a "web of water and air pollution."
“โลกธาตุอาหารของเรา” เป็นรายงานที่ศึกษาว่า เกษตรอุตสาหกรรมได้ยัดเยียดให้เกิดความล้นเกินของไนโตรเจน, ฟอสฟอรัส, และธาตุอาหารอื่นๆ ในระบบนิเวศของเราอย่างไร, ซึ่งได้แปรเปลี่ยนความสมดุลตามธรรมชาติอย่างมหาศาล และทำให้เกิด “โยงใยมลพิษน้ำและอากาศ”.
The run-off of excessive nutrients into our rivers, lakes and streams is creating aquatic dead zones through a process of eutrophication, during which excessive growth of toxic algae blooms destroys the ecosystem and poisons the fish and other water life.
การชะล้างธาตุอาหารที่มากเกินลงสู่แม่น้ำ, ทะเลสาบและลำธารของเรา กำลังก่อให้เกิดโซนน้ำตายด้วยกระบวนการ eutrophication, นั่นคือ ปริมาณสาหร่ายพิษที่ขยายการเติบโตเร็วมากเกินไป ทำลายระบบนิเวศ, เป็นพิษต่อปลาและสัตว์น้ำอื่นๆ.
Similarly, the excess of nitrogen being pumped into the environment also contributes to air pollution, and hence global warming, by releasing harmful greenhouse gases called oxides into the atmosphere.
ในทำนองเดียวกัน, การอัดไนโตรเจนมากเกินลงในสิ่งแวดล้อมก็ทำให้เกิดมลภาวะในอากาศด้วย, และผลคือโลกร้อน, ด้วยการปล่อยก๊าซเรือนกระจกที่อันตราย เรียกว่า ออกไซด์ สู่ชั้นบรรยากาศ.
In a post on their Planet Earth Online blog, the UK's Natural Environment Research Council explains: 
ในบล็อก พิภพโลกออนไลน์, สภาวิจัยสิ่งแวดล้อมธรรมชาติ ของสหราชอาณาจักร อธิบายว่า
Although our atmosphere is around 80 percent nitrogen, it's unreactive and stabilises the atmosphere. But plants can't use this unreactive form, so in order to be useful to plants and animals it needs to be converted to compounds like nitrate and ammonia in a process that also creates the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide.
แม้ว่าบรรยากาศของเราจะมีไนโตรเจนประมาณ 80%, มันไม่ทำปฏิกิริยาและช่วยทำให้บรรยากาศเสถียร.  แต่พืชไม่สามารถใช้รูปแบบที่ไม่ทำปฏิกิริยานี้, ดังนั้น เพื่อให้พืชและสัตว์ใช้ประโยชน์จากมันได้ จึงต้องเปลี่ยนสภาพของมันให้เป็นสารประกอบ เช่น ไนเตรดและแอมโมเนีย ในกระบวนการที่ทำให้เกิดก๊าซเรือนกระจก ไนตรัสออกไซด์ ด้วย.
According to the report's lead author, Professor Mark Sutton from Britain's Center for Ecology & Hydrology, humans have doubled the amount of nitrogen going into the environment over the past 100 years.
ผู้เขียนเอกของรายงาน, ศาสตราจารย์ มาร์ค ซัตตัน จาก ศูนย์นิเวศวิทยาและอุทกวิทยาของสหราชอาณาจักร, กล่าวว่า มนุษย์ได้เพิ่มปริมาณไนโตรเจนในสิ่งแวดล้อมเป็นสองเท่าตัว ในช่วงเวลา 100 ปีที่ผ่านมา.
Indicating the difference between polluting, industrial agriculture and agro-ecological or traditional techniques, the Independent writes, "Fertilising crops was originally a natural process, using plants which 'fix' nitrogen from the air, such as clover and other legumes, or by the application of animal manure." However, since the development of large-scale, industrialized agriculture, increasingly large amounts of manufactured fertilizer have been applied to our croplands.
เพื่อชี้ให้เห็นถึงความแตกต่างระหว่างเทคนิคของ เกษตรอุตสาหกรรมที่สร้างมลภาวะ และ เกษตรนิเวศแบบดั้งเดิม, the Independent  เขียน, “การใส่ปุ๋ยให้พืช ตอนแรกเป็นกระบวนการธรรมชาติ, ด้วยการใช้พืชที่ “ดักจับไ ไนโตรเจนจากอากาศ, เช่น หญ้า clover และพืชตระกูลถั่วอื่นๆ, หรือด้วยการใช้ปุ๋ยคอก”.  แต่ เมื่อมีการพัฒนาเกษตรอุตสาหกรรมขนาดใหญ่เกิดขึ้น, ก็มีการทุ่มปุ๋ยโรงงานปริมาณมากขึ้นเรื่อยๆ ในพื้นที่เพาะปลูกของเรา.
"Unless action is taken," UNEP warns, "increases in pollution and per capita consumption of energy and animal products will exacerbate nutrient losses, pollution levels and land degradation, further threatening the quality of our water, air and soils, affecting climate and biodiversity."
“หากไม่ทำอะไร,” UNEP เตือน, “มลภาวะและการบริโภคพลังงานและผลิตภัณฑ์สัตว์ต่อหัวที่เพิ่มขึ้น จะเร่งรัดการสูญเสียธาตุอาหาร, ระดับมลภาวะ และ ความเสื่อมโทรมของดิน, ซึ่งคุกคามคุณภาพของน้ำ, อากาศ และ ดินของเรา มากขึ้น, กระทบภูมิอากาศและความหลากหลายทางชีวภาพ.”
Meat production—namely the crops used to feed livestock—accounts for 80% of the nitrogen and phosphorus used in farming, according to the report. On top of that, the intense run-off of nutrient-infused animal waste at large-scale meat manufacturing facilities contributes significantly to fertilizer pollution in bodies of water.
การผลิตเนื้อสัตว์—หมายถึง พืชที่ใช้เลี้ยงปศุสัตว์—คิดเป็น 80% ของปริมาณไนโตรเจนและฟอสฟอรัสที่ใช้ในการเกษตร, ตามรายงาน.   เหนือกว่านั้น, การชะล้างขยะจากมูล/ซากสัตว์ที่เจือปนด้วยธาตุอาหารอย่างเข้มข้น ที่โรงฆ่าสัตว์ขนาดใหญ่ ได้ช่วยเพิ่มระดับมลภาวะจากปุ๋ยอย่างมีนัยสำคัญในแหล่งน้ำ.
Falling short of calling an end to fertilizer use, the report recommends cutting annual consumption by 20 million metric tonnes by the end of the decade through a series of recommendations including “connecting arable and livestock farming to improve nutrient recycling opportunities,” and “lowering personal consumption of animal protein among populations consuming high rates.” 
ยกเว้น การเรียกร้องให้ยุติการใช้ปุ๋ย, รายงานนี้ได้เสนอแนะให้ ลดการบริโภคต่อปีถึง 20 ล้านเมตริกตัน ก่อนสิ้นทศวรรษนี้ ด้วยข้อแนะนำมากมาย รวมทั้ง “เชื่อมโยงเกษตรเพาะปลูกและปศุสัตว์ เพื่อเพิ่มโอกาสของการหมุนเวียนใช้ธาตุอาหาร,” และ “ลดการบริโภคโปรตีนสัตว์เป็นการส่วนตัวในประชากรที่บริโภคในอัตราสูง.”
Published on Monday, February 18, 2013 by Common Dreams

http://www.commondreams.org/headline/2013/02/18-2, 2-25-13

·         Klovis • 6 days ago
All this because a small handful of individuals need to control every aspect of our lives. Someone was just telling me today that in today's new, "modern" India, there is almost no more domestic textile production. Most of it is "outsourced." I felt my heart sink. Just consider the phenomenon for a moment. This is the very symbol of Gandhi's rebellion, and he chose it as the centerpiece of his resistence because it so deeply represents what India is, with styles, techniques and colors dating back literally thousands of years. A humble but sublime, ancient handicraft, kept alive from generation to generation, allowing the greatest number of people to live making things useful and accessible to the greatest number of people. Gone, just like that. The skill, the beauty, the dignity, destroyed for the profit of a microscopic few. This is the "Indian economic miracle" our MSM keeps trying to sell us, simply because, for now at least, the investments of a few predators have panned out.
But once a culture loses a millenary traditional skill, it's very hard to get back.
We need a worldwide revolution, and fast.
Beautifully stated, and I fully agree about the worldwide revolution. I wonder how it makes the CD chorus feel, the one that so frequently chimes in about "The fault of voters" that 52 other nations allowed for the torture gulag, and that India is on-board with the whole corporate plunder devolution, and that Japan is pushing a wholesale whale murdering agenda?
Unless human nature is refined by societies emphasizing sustainable practices over greed, justice over "might makes right," and diplomacy over war, the mortal flaws so harped on in this forum will become less a limited American inheritance and more of a worldwide challenge.
Meanwhile, the corporations are the ones writing the laws that are consolidating banking, farming, seedbanks, energy production, edcuation, and all sorts of trade. These entities no longer answer to any nation or feel the need to adhere to its established laws. This is the monster, a very real and symbolic "enemy" that is challenging humanity as a whole (and countless life systems along with it).
In order to cut the chains the corporations use to bind us all (and let's face it, THEY own the military hardware and the soldiers willing to put it to use for a paycheck) will require an interlocking international human grid woven like steel.
Thank you. Have you noticed lately that nothing is being said about TPP? The cone of silence is surrounding it again. Once that is signed and implemented, all will be lost. No amount of 'interlocking international human grid' will make a hair's difference. The coup is almost complete, the time to act is now.
Excuse me. Not everyone reading posts may know the acronyms used by frequent posters. I realize some of you may just be talking to each other and I should just butt out.
The point is; If you want your words to be meaningful to many, explain your acronyms and texting jargon. Better yet, use plain English.
TPP is the Trans Pacific Partnership. A (not so) new so-called trade agreement worse than any we have already, it will devastate the middle and lower classes and all corporate control will be guaranteed as this will usurp the laws of all nations involved. If anyone hasn't heard of it, please, look it up! Here is just one quick link:
https://www.eff.org/issues/tpp
Right on Klovis. In India, textile was the 'tie that binds,' the tradition that bound communities and a culture together.
Here in Iowa, industrial ag has destroyed all of the charming and vibrant little farming communities that used to be sprinkled throughout the state. And instead of main streets, there are Walmarts.
"We need a worldwide revolution, and fast." Yes.
many many folks including myself are more suited to traditional jobs...however these do not exist in US in 2013...most local farmers here struggle and have second and third jobs turning farm into hobby farm like uppity city folks moving here making homes unaffordable while prop taxes skyrocket from climate change catastrophes we are experiencing. 99% of americans are none the wiser. if bread is made out of soylent green stick a pretty label on it.
Wasn't there also a pretty substantial textile industry in the U.S. as well? And this has gone away due to free trade. I think that is also a shame!
A worldwide revolution sounds like a plan..so where are the leaders who would lead us all into one?
You are a very smart person, don. I have handicaps as well (MS.) We all have things we can contribute to make the world a better place.
It might be as simple as listening to your neighbors or sharing your perspectives with friends. I have absolutely no doubt that you have important things to share.
Take care, don.
It's time-consuming, expensive and hard work, but keeping bees, chickens and a garden in your own backyard (or on your apartment's rooftop) teaches a wealth of sensitivity and knowledge about the world immediately around us. You begin to see flowers as sources for bees' nectar. They bloom and shoot their juices at different times and you'll notice trees and shrubbery even on the roadsides and in the medians that you never noticed before. You'll begin to select plants for your yard or window planters that bees like. Keeping a few chickens similarly attunes you to the Krebs cycle enabling you to save and dry their manure to make teas that nourish plants--that the chickens will love to eat (chop up those lettuce stalks into swallowable chunks for your toothless hens). Save the bugs, cut and earth worms, as well as mealybugs and maggots for the chickens. Learn how to farm them and provide them as special treats for your chickens. Learn to irrigate, feed and tend your gardens even in the most unlikely places--a raised bed on a parking lot space or on a tar roof. You'll begin to respect migrant workers and the magic of agriculture big time. You'll begin to enjoy the advantages of seeing through nature (over texting). Just don't buy a Dodge Ram over it.
I agree. When I was a small child, most of our fruits, vegetables, and fried chicken originated in the garden. We grafted genetically similar branches onto our fruit trees and we harvested two types of fruit off most trees. We composted the chicken manure and our scraps. We had eggs, too, of course. And we ate things in season. No peaches or cherries from Chile.
I have done the same as an adult. It saves a huge amount of money, but likely most important of all, it is an immediate benefit to everything in the environment, and no drawbacks whatsoever. We did it in the 50s and 60s in a working class neighborhood on a one-quarter-acre lot that also had a clothes line on it and still had room for a few flower beds and a couple of lawns.
Just as industrial farming practices are killing the oceans (along with a lot of other things), the way we do food is insane. All the infrastructure, energy, transportation, packaging, manpower, etc., required to get food from commercial farms and through commercial markets is unbelievably wasteful. We must spend ten thousand times the actual cost of the things we eat. The way out of it is to go local, local, local.
The back yard is the ultimate in local.
This is maybe the key paragraph in the article: } Meat production—namely the crops used to feed livestock—accounts for 80% of the nitrogen and phosphorus used in farming. Further, the intense run-off of nutrient-infused animal waste at large-scale meat manufacturing facilities contributes significantly to fertilizer pollution in bodies of water. {
The SAD meat centered diet is the underlying reason for E.Coli, Salmonella, Mad-Cow, Swine & Bird Flu, etc out-breaks; grotesque CAFO factory farming; fecal pollution of landfils & water sources- including the dead zone at the mouth of the Mississippi River- which includes pollution from petro-chem fertilizers.
Cutting back if not totally cutting out meat consumption is not only key to improving one's own personal health, but also for public health concerns, humane treatment of animals & preserving the eco-sphere.
good. this is important especially in US for people to fill in blanks that big oil owned media and lying bastar(*ds in congress also owned by big oil refuse to share.
we ignore failed state in mexico but concentrate on starting wars for oil in some god9ssaken ME countries and nobody seems to hone in on GLARING inconsistencies in where we decide to 'share' democracy.
we have to stop big ag by BANNING it or boycotting it or both..YOUR future depends on giving a shit.
"connecting arable and livestock farming to improve nutrient recycling opportunities," is a pretty high-falutin' way to say traditional, organic agriculture.
It certainly is a call for a return to mixed farming,where there is a balance of livestock and cropping on each farm,or at least in each locality. Giant feedlots of thousands of cattle or buildings full of pigs and chickens,located far from cropland in many cases,mean that the valuable manure becomes a sewage problem instead of being recycled through crops.
Secret Ingredient - Love
Scientists can't reproduce world record shattering harvest yield because it;s too much work. You can't sext while giving plants TLC.
Join The Lonely Cheating Hearts Bioneers Bluegrass Band.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/glob...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v...
In other words we're killing ourselves..what's new?..Anyone who still believes we are of intelligent design..is nuts! were we ever supposed to escalate this far ....with suicide in the mix?? I'll stick with random development /evolution!
I don't know if they're actually winning, but recent developments do lead me to believe that they're starting to gain on them. Weather events that are described by mainstream media news as "unprecedented" or "the most severe since they first started keeping records" makes it hard for people to ignore or deny.
The unspoken consensus is that the planet is beyond redemption and our grandchildren are doomed, so we might as well quit worrying about pollution and enjoy the end times.
 
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